Texas has a complex relationship with gambling, characterized by strict constitutional restrictions and limited legal options. The state’s constitution explicitly prohibits most forms of gambling, including casino-style games like blackjack and roulette. To legalize such activities, a constitutional amendment is required, which necessitates a two-thirds majority in both legislative chambers and approval from voters in a statewide referendum .
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Despite these constraints, there are exceptions. Three federally recognized Native American tribes in Texas operate casinos under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988. These casinos offer Class II gaming, which includes electronic bingo machines and non-banked card games, but do not provide traditional table games like blackjack or craps.
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The three tribal casinos in Texas are:
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Kickapoo Lucky Eagle Casino Hotel: Located in Eagle Pass, this casino offers over 3,300 electronic bingo machines and a live poker room.
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Naskila Gaming: Situated in Livingston, Naskila Gaming provides electronic bingo machines and various entertainment options.
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Speaking Rock Entertainment Center: Found in El Paso, Speaking Rock offers electronic bingo machines and hosts live music events.
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While these tribal casinos operate legally under federal law, they are limited in the types of gaming they can offer due to the state’s constitutional restrictions. Attempts to expand gambling options in Texas have faced significant opposition, particularly from conservative and religious groups who argue that gambling leads to social and economic issues.
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In recent years, there have been efforts to legalize sports betting and resort-style casinos in Texas. For instance, in 2025, State Senator Carol Alvarado introduced Senate Joint Resolution 16, which proposed allowing up to seven destination resort casinos and retail sports betting. However, such proposals have yet to gain the necessary legislative support to amend the state constitution .
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In conclusion, while Texas has limited legal gambling options, particularly in the form of tribal casinos offering Class II gaming, the state’s strict constitutional restrictions on gambling continue to pose significant challenges to the expansion of gambling activities.
